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Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Websites
- Category ID : 449868
1 - Aristotle
The life and work of the 4th century BCE Greek philosopher.
3 - Plato
Biography and description of the philosophy of Plato.
4 - Descartes, René
Early modern philosopher who rejected religious authority in the quest for scientific and philosophical knowledge.
6 - Natural Theology
Used in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to describe knowledge of God drawn from nature.
7 - Deism, English
Explores the deism of Hobbes, Locke, Tindal, and the influence of Hume.
9 - Eckhart, Meister
13th century Dominican mystic who was almost forgotten until Franz von Baader revived his memory in the nineteenth century.
11 - Xenophon
Pupil of Socrates, who contributed to the record of his life.
12 - Time
Long article about questions of time discussed throughout the history of philosophy.
14 - Democritus
4th century BCE philosopher of Abdera who expanded the atomic theory of Leucippus.
18 - Aenesidemus
Biography of the 1st century philosopher who defended the ten tropes of skepticism.
19 - Anaxarchus
4th century BCE philosopher of Abdera, from the school of Democritus.
20 - Anaximander
Greek philosopher of Miletus, born 611 BCE who thought it unnecessary to fix upon air, water, or fire as the original and primary form of body.
21 - Antisthenes
Athenian philosopher and founder of the Cynic sect who was born around 440 BCE.
22 - Aristippus
Description of the life and teachings of the philosopher Aristippus, founder of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy.
23 - Anaxagoras
Greek philosopher born about 500 BCE, responsible for giving philosophy a home at Athens and the first philosopher to introduce a spiritual principle which gives matter life and form.
24 - Herbert of Cherbury, Edward
17th century historian, poet (brother of George), and philosopher. Sought to determine the nature and standard of truth, and conditions of knowledge. Precursor of the philosophy of Common Sense.
27 - Gorgias
Greek sophist and rhetorician, known as "the Nihilist," born in 483 BCE.
29 - Helvetius, Claude Adrien
One of the 18th century Encyclopedists who held the skeptical and materialistic views common to that school of philosophy.
30 - Mill, John Stuart
19th leader and prophet of utilitarianism, heir to the Hume-Bentham line, and influential force in modern political theory. Author of On Liberty (1859), and Utilitarianism (1863).
36 - Greek Philosophy
The philosophical currents of Ancient Greek philosophy are introduced, from the Presocratic philosophers through to Proclus.
40 - Damon
5th century BCE Pythagorean philosopher of Syracuse.
41 - Prodicus
5th century BCE sophist, possibly a mentor of Socrates
49 - Academy
Description of the philosophical institution founded by Plato, which advocated skepticism in succeeding generations.
52 - Augustine
Extensive article on the life and work of the 4th century ecclesiastical author.
53 - Behaviorism
Theory in philosophy of mind which maintains that talk of mental events should be translated into talk about observable behavior.
59 - Cleanthes
Stoic philosopher of Assus in Lydia, disciple of Zeno of Citium.
60 - Demonax
Philosopher of the second century CE. who tried to revive the philosophy of the Cynic School.
61 - Dewey, John
Leading light of the 20th century American school of thought known as pragmatism.
62 - Diderot, Denis
The most prominent of the French Encyclopedists and one of the leaders of the Enlightenment.
64 - Evolution
Introduces evolution through the ages, from the ancient Greeks, through Leibniz and Descartes to Darwin and Spencer.
65 - Empedocles
5th century BCE philosopher who combined medical study with Orphic mysticism.
66 - Epictetus
Eminent Stoic philosopher, born as a slave at Hieropolis in Phyrgia in 55 CE.
67 - Epicurus
4th century BCE materialist, empiricist, and hedonist. One of the major philosophers of the Hellenistic period.
68 - Euclides
4th century BCE native of Megara, and founder of the Megarian or Eristic sect.
69 - Emanation
The theory that all derived or secondary things flow from the primary.
71 - Eclecticism
Group of ancient philosophers who sought to reach by selection the highest degree of probability in the search for truth.
73 - Active Powers
The capacities of impulse and desire which lead to or determine human action, as described by 18th and 19th century Scottish common sense philosophy.
74 - Anselm
11th century English prelate who developed views of atonement and satisfaction which are still held by orthodox theologians.
75 - Bakhtin Circle
School of Russian thought centered on the work of Bakhtin which focused on questions of signification in artistic creation.
76 - Caird, Edward
Nineteenth century Scottish philosopher who was one of the key figures of the idealist movement that dominated British philosophy from 1870 until the mid 1920s.
78 - Davidson, Donald
Introduction to one of the most significant philosophers concerned with philosophy of mind and action of the 20th/21st century.
79 - Cyrenaics
Description of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy, which flourished from the 5th-3rd centuries BCE. The Cyrenaics were skeptics and hedonists.
81 - Freud, Sigmund
Lenghty article on the father of psychoanalysis who is generally recognised as one of the most influential and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century.
82 - German Idealism
The German reaction to empiricism, including related theories of Kant, Fichte, Hegel and others.
86 - Hippias
Hippias was a sophist, a contemporary of Socrates, and an enthusiast for universality.
89 - Humanism
Brief article on Erasmus and the Italian humanist movement.
91 - Identity Theory
Form of monistic materialism which maintains that mental states and brain activities are identical.
92 - Interventionism
Examines the nature and justifications of interfering with another polity or choices made by individuals.
93 - Encyclopedists
Group of French philosophers and men of letters who collaborated in the production of the famous Encyclopedie.
94 - Stoic Philosophy of Mind
Description of the philosophy of Mind of the Stoics, including the relationship between mind and body, perception, action-theory, and emotion.
95 - Just War Theory
Some of those who have attempted to justify war include Aquinas, Grotius, and Pufendorf.
98 - Moral Luck
Andrew Latus, St. Francis Xavier University, summarizes the discussion between Thomas Nagel and Bernard Williams on the question: Can luck ever make a moral difference?
99 - Neoplatonism
The revival of Greek philosophy in 3rd century BCE, led by Plotinus and his disciple, Porphyry. Influenced by both Pythagoras and Plato.
100 - Solipsism
The doctrine of the solipsist is that existence means my existence and that of my mental states.
102 - Pyrrho
4th century BCE founder of the Greek school of skepticism.
108 - Sophists
Teachers of philosophy in Ancient Greece, including Protagoras, Gorgias, Prodicus and Hippias.
109 - Stoicism
Description of the system of ethics, popular in Ancient Greece, which has physics as its foundation.
110 - Symposium
Drinking-parties in Ancient Greece where the guests reclined on couches, and were crowned with garlands of flowers.
111 - Synderesis
Scholastic philosophy describes this as the principle in moral consciousness which directs an agent to good.
112 - Voluntarism
Theory that God or the ultimate nature of reality is conceived as some form of will.
113 - Truth
Philosophical theories on the nature of truth, by Bradley Dowden and Norman Swartz.
114 - Rights, Human
A treatment of the origins and development of the theory of human rights, with philosophical analysis, justifications, and criticisms.
115 - Vienna Circle
Organised the development of logical positivism in the 1920s. Included Carnap, Feigl, Frank, Gödel, Hahn, Kraft, Neurath, Waismann. Popper and Wittgenstein also had association with the Vienna Circle.
119 - Thales
Detailed biographical essay on the Ancient Greek philosopher.
123 - Theophrastus
Philosopher of the Peripatetic school, successor to Aristotle at the Lyceum.
128 - Natural Law
Standards that govern human behavior objectively derived from the nature of human beings.